What a let commercial property in Italy really yields

In brief

This guide is for anyone who has to put a let property into a spreadsheet and take a decision: buy it, sell it, hold it. It answers one question: what does this property really yield, for its risk, against what I pay? The figure in the marketing ("yields 9%AdE") is almost always a gross yield on the price. Between that figure and the yield actually received lie purchase taxes, ILIA, capital repairs, voids, arrears and the real length of the lease. The tax rules cited are those in force in 2026 in Friuli Venezia Giulia. The figures in the worked example are stated assumptions, not data from a real property.

Which yield are we talking about?

Four different ratios circulate under the same name. Always write them with numerator and denominator.

Name	Numerator	Denominator	What it is for
Gross yield on price	contractual annual rent	agreed price	a quick comparison between offers, nothing more
All-in gross yield	contractual annual rent	price + taxes + notary + agency fee + due diligence	shows how much the entry costs weigh
Cap rate (net yield on price)	net operating income (NOI): rent less costs not recoverable from the tenant	agreed price, without transfer costs	the convention of institutional market reports ¹⁷¹⁸
All-in net yield	NOI	all-in price	the figure that matters to a buyer

All four are before income tax. The after-tax yield depends on who owns: an individual declares the rent less a flat 5%Normattiva, or the cadastral income if higher (art. 37, para. 4-bis, Income Tax Code) ¹³; a company takes it into business income. For new commercial leases the flat-rate tax on rent (cedolare secca) is not available, as far as we could verify: on C/1 shops it existed only for leases signed in 2019 ²¹. One pointer from the primary source: the new consolidated income tax act (Legislative Decree 117/2026, text of 19/06/2026) titles the flat-rate regime "on leases of residential property" ²². Not yet verified against the full text of the 2026 budget law (Law 199/2025) and rules after June 2026, which we have not read in full.

What does it really cost to buy in?

Taxes on a commercial building (shop, office, industrial building: categories A/10, B, C/1, C/3, D) depend on who sells, not on who buys ⁵⁶⁷.

Sold by an individual, a commercial building pays registration tax at 9%AdE; sold by a business, 200 €AdE in registration tax plus 3%AdE mortgage tax and 1%AdE cadastral tax, with or without VAT ⁵⁶⁷. The full picture, with VAT and the reverse charge, is in the guide to the taxes on buying commercial property.

Two practical consequences:

The same shop costs five points more if an individual sells it. On 600.000 €BIZ that is 54.100 €BIZ against 24.200 €BIZ.
VAT is neutral only for a buyer who can recover it. For a private buyer, or one with a low recovery ratio, VAT on a "taxable" purchase is a full cost. Ask before, rather than finding out at the notary's.

On top of the taxes come the notary, the agency fee and due diligence. Fixed tariffs for notaries and professionals were abolished in 2012: the fee is agreed on instruction, and the professional must give a written or digital estimate ¹². The estate agent's commission is agreed. Failing agreement, local custom applies, and in the last resort the court decides on an equitable basis (art. 1755 Civil Code) ¹¹. That is why these items are assumptions in the example, and should be treated as such in any spreadsheet.

Note: from 1 January 2027 the new consolidated registration tax act (Legislative Decree 123/2025), the new consolidated VAT act (Legislative Decree 10/2026) and the new consolidated income tax act (Legislative Decree 117/2026), which replaces the current Income Tax Code, apply; on Normattiva the 1986 Code is shown as in force until 31/12/2026 ²². Article numbers change: the Income Tax Code articles cited here will have different numbers from 2027. The stated aim is to reorganise, not to change rates, but that must be checked when they take effect ²².

Which costs stay with the owner?

ILIA, and the "used in the business" trap

There is no IMU in Friuli Venezia Giulia: since 1 January 2023 it has been replaced by ILIA, the region's own local property tax (Regional Law 17/2022, art. 1) ¹. The taxable base is the cadastral income uplifted by 5%Regione FVG times a multiplier that depends on the category (art. 7) ¹:

Category	Multiplier
C/1 (shops)	55
A/10 (offices), D/5 (banks)	80
Group D (excluding D/5): hotels, industrial buildings	65
Group B, C/3, C/4, C/5	140

The rate is where many spreadsheets go wrong. Regional law sets 0,86%Regione FVG for "buildings used in an economic activity", which municipalities may only reduce (art. 9, para. 7) ¹. But since 2025 that status means a building used by the taxpayer itself for its own business or profession (art. 3, para. 1(b)) ¹². A shop let to a third party is not "used in the business" for its owner. It falls among "other properties" (art. 9, para. 8): base rate 0,86%Regione FVG, which the municipality may raise to 1,06%Regione FVG ¹.

In Trieste the 2025 rates were approved by council resolution no. 63 of 9/12/2024 ². The municipal table for 2026, read on 22/07/2026, shows 0,86%Comune di Trieste for buildings used in the business and 1,06%Comune di Trieste for other buildings ³. Not yet verified: which line applies to a let commercial unit should be confirmed with the municipality or its tax collector, property by property: our reading of the law leads to 1,06%esattospa.it, but we could not re-read the municipal table today. Even where the reduced rate applies (a property used by the owner for its business), the municipality's collector asks for an ILIA return to be filed to benefit from it ². Rates apply for the year if published on the regional portal by 28 October; otherwise the previous year's rates stand (art. 14, para. 2) ¹.

On a C/1 cadastral income of 6.000 €Normattiva, the difference between the two rates is worth about 690 €Normattiva a year. For owners holding through a business, ILIA on business property is deductible from business income like IMU (art. 1, para. 772, Law 160/2019, extended to ILIA by Law 197/2022, art. 1, paras 834–836) ⁴. Careful: here "business property" has its income-tax meaning, which is wider than ILIA's. For a business, a shop, office or industrial building is a commercial building by nature even when let (art. 43, para. 2, Income Tax Code) ¹³. The same let C/1 therefore pays the "other properties" rate, but its ILIA remains deductible for the company that owns it. Note: we read the exact paragraph of Law 197/2022 in a reproduction of the text, not on Normattiva.

Capital repairs, service charges, insurance, registration

Maintenance. Under the Civil Code necessary repairs fall on the landlord and minor maintenance on the tenant (arts 1576 and 1609 Civil Code). In commercial leases the rule can be varied ¹⁰. So the cost depends on the lease, not the statute: read the clause before estimating the provision. Roof, façade, central services and shopfront glazing are the items that weigh.
Registration tax on the lease. 1%AdE of annual rent if the landlord is VAT-registered and the building is commercial by nature, 2%AdE otherwise, with a minimum of 67 €AdE in the first year ⁸. By law it is split equally between the parties (art. 8, Law 392/1978) ⁹, but landlord and tenant are jointly liable to the Revenue Agency for the whole sum ⁸.
Non-recoverable service charges, building insurance, management and accountancy fees. Small items one by one; together they often come to a point of rent or more.

How much does the risk of rent not arriving weigh?

Voids are estimated, not observed. For Trieste there is no public measure. The nearest public figure is a regional estimate by Confcommercio: in FVG 26,7%confcommerciomilano.it of shops would be vacant ²⁰. It is not a count: the national figure rests on an assumption that the retail network kept losing about 7.500 negoziconfcommerciomilano.it a year net after 2022 ²⁰. It is an order of magnitude for the risk in neighbourhood retail, not a rate to apply to a shop in a strong position. The right approach is an explicit assumption: how many months to re-let, and how often. Nine months every twelve years is 6,25%confcommerciomilano.it of annual rent.

Arrears have a tax cost as well as a cash cost. For individuals letting non-residential property, unpaid rent remains taxable until the lease is terminated: the exclusion introduced in 2019 covers residential leases only (art. 26, Income Tax Code) ¹³. An owner in trouble with a tenant pays tax on money it never sees.

What does indexation really do?

In commercial leases governed by Law 392/1978, annual indexation applies only if the lease provides for it, and at the landlord's request. In leases agreed for the statutory minimum term (six years, nine for hotels) it cannot exceed 75%Normattiva of the change in the ISTAT consumer price index for blue- and white-collar households (art. 32) ⁹. The cap applies only to those leases: if the parties agreed a first term longer than the minimum – nine years for a shop, say – indexation can be set above 75%Normattiva, up to the full change in the index ⁹. In August 2026 the FOI index excluding tobacco was up 3,4%ISTAT year on year ¹⁴: with the 75%ISTAT cap, the maximum increase was therefore 2,55%ISTAT.

Two consequences. In a lease at the minimum term the rent loses at least a quarter of inflation in real terms every year, which is why the agreed term and the ISTAT clause are read together. And indexed rent does not track the market: if the market falls, the passing rent stays above it until expiry, then resets. Above 250.000 €Normattiva of annual rent the parties may contract out of the statute in writing, indexation included, unless the premises are designated of historic interest by a regional or municipal measure (art. 79, para. 3) ⁹: that is the world of large institutional leases, not of the shop in the centre.

How long does the income really last?

The unexpired term cuts one way

An Italian commercial lease runs for at least six years, nine for hotels, and renews tacitly for the same again (arts 27 and 28) ⁹. At first expiry the landlord may refuse renewal only on the exhaustive grounds of art. 29. The tenant, on the other hand, can give notice at first expiry without giving reasons, with 12 mesiNormattiva of notice, eighteen months for hotels (art. 28) ⁹. The tenant can also terminate at any time for serious reasons on six months' notice, and the lease may grant a free break on the same notice (art. 27) ⁹. The Court of Cassation reads serious reasons narrowly: events outside the tenant's control, unforeseeable and supervening, that make continuing excessively burdensome (Cass. order no. 30862/2023) ²³. They are not an exit at will, but a tail risk.

For a buyer the consequence is precise: the lease term is a ceiling on income security, not a floor. The landlord is bound for twelve years (eighteen for hotels), the tenant only until first expiry, or less with a free break.

If the lease ends for a reason not attributable to the tenant (not through its breach, notice or termination), a business dealing with the public is owed compensation for loss of goodwill: eighteen months of the last rent, twenty-one for hotels. A further equal amount is due if, within a year, anyone starts the same or a similar business in the premises. And possession cannot be enforced until the compensation is paid (art. 34) ⁹. Professional activities and those without direct contact with the public are among the exclusions (art. 35) ⁹. A buyer acquiring a let property to vacate and reposition it must price this in. The contractual detail is in the guide to commercial leases.

WALT, and what it does not tell you

With several tenants, the WALT (weighted average lease term) is used: the average unexpired term of the leases, weighted by rent. Three tenants paying 60.000BIZ, 30.000 e 10.000 €BIZ, with unexpired terms of 5, 1,5 e 8 anniBIZ, give a WALT of 4,25 anniBIZ: (60×5 + 30×1.5 + 10×8) / 100.

Calculate WALT twice: to final contractual expiry and to the tenant's first exit window (WALB, to break). In Italy the second is structurally shorter: the tenant can leave at the first six-year expiry and has often agreed a free break on six months' notice. Termination for serious reasons does not enter the calculation, but remains a risk to weigh. And WALT does not measure tenant quality. An eight-year lease with a newly formed company is worth less than three years with an operator that has invested in fitting out the premises. Ask for accounts, payment history, security (first-demand guarantee, deposit) and the unit's weight in the tenant's turnover.

A worked example

Assumptions: a shop of 250 m²AdE gross in Trieste's historic centre, category C/1, let at 15 €/m²AdE a month, with four years to the first break of a six-plus-six lease. The rent sits within the OMI range for the second half of 2025 for shops in prime positions in the historic centre (zone B2: 10,8–20 €/m²AdE a month, values 2.000–3.000 €/m²AdE gross) ¹⁶. All amounts below are assumptions, except the statutory rates.

Entry costs (€)

Item AdE	Individual seller AdE	Corporate seller, VAT-exempt AdE
Price	600.000	600.000
Registration tax	54.000 (9%)	200
Mortgage + cadastral taxes	100	24.000 (3% + 1%)
Notary (assumption, VAT included)	5.000	5.000
Agency fee (assumption 3% + VAT 22%)	21.960	21.960
Technical and legal due diligence (assumption)	4.000	4.000
All-in price	685.060 (+14,2%)	655.160 (+9,2%)

Income, individual-seller column

Item AdE	€/year AdE
Rent (250 m² × 15 € × 12)	45.000
ILIA: cadastral income 6.000 × 1.05 × 55 × 1,06%	−3.673
Half the lease registration tax (2% of rent)	−450
Building insurance (assumption)	−900
Non-recoverable service charges (assumption)	−1.200
Management and advice (assumption)	−1.000
Provision for capital repairs (assumption, 0,5% of price)	−3.000
Expected voids: 9 mesi every 12 anni (6,25% of rent)	−2.813
Expected arrears (assumption 2% of rent)	−900
NOI	31.065

The four yields

Yield	Individual seller AdE	Corporate seller AdE
Gross on price	7,50%	7,50%
All-in gross	6,57%	6,87%
Cap rate (NOI / price)	5,18%	5,18%
All-in net	4,53%	4,74%

Between the marketing figure and the one that matters there are about three points. Almost a third of the rent (31%AdE) goes on non-recoverable costs and risk.

The renewal test. If in four years the tenant leaves and the new rent settles at 12 €/m²AdE, rent falls to 36.000 €AdE, NOI to about 22.900 €AdE (registration tax, voids and arrears fall in proportion, the other items stay) and the all-in net yield to 3,3%AdE. At the same 5,18%AdE cap rate, the property would be worth about 440.000 €AdE: a quarter less than was paid. The price of a let property rests on the market rent at renewal, not on the passing rent.

Why is a yield taken from listings misleading?

There is a calculation that looks reasonable: the average asking rent divided by the average asking price, in the same city. It usually produces a high yield, and it is a false number, for three reasons:

They are different properties. Small central units dominate lettings; mid-sized peripheral ones dominate sales.
An asking rent is not a signed lease. It is a request, often heading down.
The ratio of two medians is not the median of the ratios.

Yield is calculated only on the same property: price and rent of the same asset, read in the contract, not in an advertisement.

The yield implied by OMI data also needs care. For shops in prime positions in the historic centre, the average rent divided by the mid-point of the value range gives 7,4%AdE gross ¹⁶. But OMI describes the ordinary property in the zone, not a well-let one: an income-producing property can legitimately sit above the range because its passing rent justifies it.

Can it be compared with prime yields?

Product	Prime yield, Italy, 2026	Source
High-street retail	4,0%C&W (JLL); 3,5%C&W Milan, 4,5%C&W Venice (C&W)	¹⁷¹⁸
Offices, Milan	4,0%C&W (JLL); 3,75%C&W (C&W)	¹⁷¹⁸
Logistics	5,3%jll.com (JLL)	¹⁸
Leased hotels	4,5–5,0%C&W (C&W, H1)	¹⁹
10 annidata-api.ecb.europa.eu BTP, August 2026 average	3,99%data-api.ecb.europa.eu	¹⁵

Setting "7,4%C&W in Trieste against 4%C&W in Milan" seems to say that Trieste yields almost twice as much. It cannot be compared one for one, for three reasons:

Gross against net. Cushman & Wakefield defines its yields in writing as net: net operating income divided by the purchase price excluding transfer taxes and legal costs. It warns that they indicate a trend and are not a comparable for an individual property ¹⁷. JLL also refers to prime net yields for retail; for offices and logistics it says only "prime yield" ¹⁸. A gross yield from a listing or from OMI must first be taken to net. In our example that step removes more than two points.
Prime against secondary. "Prime" means institutional-grade product in the main markets: large lot size, strong tenant, long lease, often structured above the 250.000 €Normattiva threshold that allows contracting out of the statute ⁹. The Trieste shop is a different risk class. The spread over prime is largely the price of that risk, not a gift.
Liquidity and exit. In Milan a prime product has a pool of institutional buyers. In Trieste the pool for the same lot size is narrower, and time to sell enters the required return even though it does not appear in the formula.

For a private investor the fairest benchmark remains the ten-year government bond, net against net, with the difference in liquidity and risk written alongside.

Common mistakes

Dividing rent by price and calling it "net yield".
Using the 0,86%Regione FVG ILIA rate for business use on a property let to a third party.
Forgetting that purchase taxes differ by five points depending on whether an individual or a business sells.
Treating the lease term as security, when the tenant can leave at first expiry, under an agreed break or for serious reasons.
Assuming the 75%Normattiva cap on ISTAT indexation: it applies to leases at the statutory minimum term, not to longer ones.
Paying for an above-market rent as if it were permanent.
Estimating a district's yield by comparing sale and letting listings for different properties.
Comparing a local gross yield with a prime net yield and concluding that it "yields double".
Ignoring compensation for loss of goodwill in a plan that involves vacating the property.

What to ask before you sign

The registered lease, with all side agreements and assignments.
Payment history for the last three years, with any reminders, repayment plans and payment orders.
Security in place: type, amount, expiry, whether it can be called.
The last ISTAT increase applied, and whether it was requested every year.
Clauses on capital repairs, service charges and breaks.
The cadastral search with cadastral income and category, to calculate the real ILIA.
Service charges for the last two years, split into recoverable and non-recoverable, and works approved or under discussion.
Planning and cadastral compliance, building services certificates, energy performance certificate.
The tenant's accounts, if a company, and the unit's weight in its business.
The VAT regime of the sale, to be fixed in the preliminary contract: if a business sells, ask whether it built or refurbished the property in the last five years.

What we do in these cases

When someone brings us a let property, to buy or to sell, we go through the lease and the cadastral search with them, assumption by assumption, before anyone talks about price.

Frequently asked questions

Is the yield quoted in listings gross or net?

Almost always gross on price: rent divided by price. It includes no purchase taxes, ILIA, voids or maintenance.

What is the difference between cap rate and net yield?

The cap rate divides net income by the price alone. The all-in net yield divides it by the price plus entry costs. The second is always lower.

Is IMU due on a let shop in Trieste?

No. Since 2023 FVG has charged ILIA instead ¹. For a unit let to a third party the reference rate in Trieste, on our reading, is 1,06%Regione FVG ¹³. To be confirmed case by case.

How much can rent rise each year?

Only if the lease provides for indexation. In leases at the statutory minimum term, at most 75%Normattiva of the change in the ISTAT FOI index: on the August 2026 index that is 2,55%Normattiva ⁹¹⁴. In leases with a first term longer than the minimum the 75%Normattiva cap does not apply ⁹.

Is a newly signed six-plus-six lease worth twelve years of income?

No. The tenant can give notice at the first six-year expiry, may have agreed a free break and can in any case terminate for serious reasons, on six months' notice ⁹.

What is WALT?

The average unexpired term of a property's leases, weighted by rent. Calculate it both to expiry and to the tenant's first exit window.

Are Milan prime yields a good benchmark for Trieste?

Only as a direction of travel. They are net, on institutional product, and the firms that publish them advise against using them as comparables for an individual property ¹⁷.

If the tenant does not pay, do I still pay tax?

If the non-residential property belongs to an individual, yes: unpaid rent remains taxable until the lease is terminated ¹³. The exclusion for rent not received applies only to residential leases.

This is guidance, not advice.

Sources (23)

1. Region of FVG, Regional Law no. 17 of 14 November 2022 (ILIA), text in force, arts 1, 3, 7, 9, 14 and the amendment notes of Regional Law 9/2024. Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
2. The City of Trieste's tax collector, FAQ «Quali sono le aliquote ILIA?» (council resolution no. 63 of 9/12/2024) and «Quali sono i fabbricati strumentali?» (with the requirement to file an ILIA return for the reduced rate). Read on 07/10/2026. · 2 · read on 7 October 2026
3. City of Trieste, «Aliquote ILIA» (ILIA rates), 2026 table (page updated on 07/01/2026). Read in a browser on 22/07/2026. On 07/10/2026 the page returned only its JavaScript shell to automated readers: not re-read. · read on 7 October 2026
4. Law no. 160 of 27/12/2019, art. 1, para. 772. Law no. 197 of 29/12/2022, art. 1, paras 834-836 (ILIA in FVG and extension of deductibility); paragraph read in a reproduction of the text on 07/10/2026. To be re-read on Normattiva. · 2 · 3 · read on 7 October 2026
5. Revenue Agency, circular 2/E of 21/02/2014 (table 4; examples on commercial buildings at 9% and at 3% + 1%). Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
6. Presidential Decree no. 131 of 26/04/1986, art. 40 and Tariff, part I, art. 1. · read on 7 October 2026
7. Presidential Decree no. 633 of 26/10/1972, art. 10, no. 8-ter, and art. 17, para. 6(a-bis). · 2 · read on 7 October 2026
8. Revenue Agency, «Registrazione di un nuovo contratto Quanto si paga (regime ordinario)» (registering a new lease: how much is paid). Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
9. Law no. 392 of 27/07/1978, arts 8, 27, 28, 32, 34, 35, 79 (each article opened separately), read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
10. Civil Code, arts 1576 and 1609, with a note on whether they can be varied by contract (Cass. civ. no. 6158/1998), on Brocardi. Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
11. Civil Code, art. 1755, on Brocardi. Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
12. Decree-Law 1/2012 of 24/01/2012, art. 9, paras 1 and 4. Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
13. Presidential Decree no. 917 of 22/12/1986 (Income Tax Code, TUIR), art. 26, para. 1, art. 37, para. 4-bis, and art. 43, para. 2, in the text in force on 07/10/2026 (in force until 31/12/2026), read on Normattiva on 07/10/2026. Background reading: Euroconference News, «Decreto crescita e tassazione dei canoni di locazione non riscossi» (secondary) · 2 · read on 7 October 2026
14. ISTAT, «Prezzi al consumo Agosto 2026, dati definitivi» (consumer prices, August 2026, final data), 16/09/2026 (FOI excluding tobacco: +0.6% on the month, +3.4% on the year). Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
15. ECB, series IRS.M.IT.L.L40.CI.0000.EUR.N.Z (yield on Italian 10-year government bonds, monthly average; August 2026: 3.986%). Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
16. Revenue Agency, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zone B2 historic centre, commercial use, second half of 2025 (shops in prime positions: 2,000–3,000 €/m² and 10.8–20 €/m² a month, gross area). Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
17. Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Retail Q2 2026 (prime net yields: Milan 3.50%, Venice 4.50%; definition «Net Yield = NOI / purchase price excluding transfer costs, taxes and legal fees»). Read on 07/10/2026. · 2 · read on 7 October 2026
18. JLL, press release of 23/07/2026 on the Italian commercial real estate market, H1 2026 (prime net yields). Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
19. Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Hospitality H1 2026 (leased hotels 4.5–5.0%). · read on 7 October 2026
20. Confcommercio, Research Office, press release no. 176/2025 of 15/11/2025 (vacant shops by region, estimate for October 2025: FVG 26.7%, table 5; method: an assumed net loss of 7,500 shops a year). Read on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
21. Revenue Agency, circular 8/E of 10/04/2019 (flat-rate tax on C/1 shops, leases signed in 2019). Not opened for this guide. · read on 7 October 2026
22. Legislative Decree no. 117 of 19/06/2026, «Testo unico delle disposizioni legislative in materia di imposte sui redditi» (consolidated income tax act; Official Gazette no. 152 of 03/07/2026, ordinary supplement no. 26; in force from 04/07/2026, applying from 01/01/2027; Part II, Title I, Chapter II «Imposizione sostitutiva sulle locazioni di immobili abitativi»). Read on 07/10/2026. The date of application is confirmed by secondary sources, consistent with the end date of the current Income Tax Code on Normattiva. Legislative Decree 123/2025 and Legislative Decree 10/2026 read on Normattiva (headings) on 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026
23. Court of Cassation, civil section III, order no. 30862 of 06/11/2023, on «serious reasons» under art. 27, Law 392/1978. · read on 7 October 2026

The figures on this page

9% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, Circolare 2/E del 21/02/2014 (tabella 4; esempi sugli strumentali al 9% e al 3% + 1%). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
5% · Normattiva — DPR 22/12/1986, n. 917 (TUIR), art. 26, c. 1, art. 37, c. 4-bis, e art. 43, c. 2, nel testo vigente al 07/10/2026 (in vigore fino al 31/12/2026). ~art37!vig=2026-10-07 ~art43!vig=2026-10-07 letti su Normattiva il 07/10/2026. Lettura di contorno: Euroconference News, «Decreto crescita e tassazione dei canoni di locazione non riscossi» (secondaria) · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
200 € · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, Circolare 2/E del 21/02/2014 (tabella 4; esempi sugli strumentali al 9% e al 3% + 1%). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, Circolare 2/E del 21/02/2014 (tabella 4; esempi sugli strumentali al 9% e al 3% + 1%). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, Circolare 2/E del 21/02/2014 (tabella 4; esempi sugli strumentali al 9% e al 3% + 1%). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
600.000 € · BIZ — Guida G-12: dato o calcolo verificato sulle fonti primarie elencate in pagina · read on 7 October 2026
54.100 € · BIZ — Guida G-12: dato o calcolo verificato sulle fonti primarie elencate in pagina · read on 7 October 2026
24.200 € · BIZ — Guida G-12: dato o calcolo verificato sulle fonti primarie elencate in pagina · read on 7 October 2026
5% · Regione FVG — Regione FVG, L.R. 14 novembre 2022, n. 17 (ILIA), testo vigente, artt. 1, 3, 7, 9, 14 e note di modifica della L.R. 9/2024. letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
0,86% · Regione FVG — Regione FVG, L.R. 14 novembre 2022, n. 17 (ILIA), testo vigente, artt. 1, 3, 7, 9, 14 e note di modifica della L.R. 9/2024. letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1,06% · Regione FVG — Regione FVG, L.R. 14 novembre 2022, n. 17 (ILIA), testo vigente, artt. 1, 3, 7, 9, 14 e note di modifica della L.R. 9/2024. letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
0,86% · Comune di Trieste — Comune di Trieste, «Aliquote ILIA», tabella 2026 (pagina aggiornata il 07/01/2026). letta nel browser il 22/07/2026. Il 07/10/2026 la pagina restituisce ai lettori automatici solo il guscio JavaScript: non riletta. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1,06% · Comune di Trieste — Comune di Trieste, «Aliquote ILIA», tabella 2026 (pagina aggiornata il 07/01/2026). letta nel browser il 22/07/2026. Il 07/10/2026 la pagina restituisce ai lettori automatici solo il guscio JavaScript: non riletta. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1,06% · esattospa.it — Esatto S.p.A., concessionario del Comune di Trieste, FAQ «Quali sono le aliquote ILIA?» (delibera consiliare n. 63 del 9/12/2024) e «Quali sono i fabbricati strumentali?» (con l'onere della dichiarazione ILIA per l'aliquota agevolata). lette il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
6.000 € · Normattiva — L. 27/12/2019, n. 160, art. 1, c. 772. L. 29/12/2022, n. 197, art. 1, cc. 834-836 (ILIA in FVG ed estensione della deducibilità) — comma letto su riproduzione del testo: 07/10/2026. Da rileggere su Normattiva. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
690 € · Normattiva — L. 27/12/2019, n. 160, art. 1, c. 772. L. 29/12/2022, n. 197, art. 1, cc. 834-836 (ILIA in FVG ed estensione della deducibilità) — comma letto su riproduzione del testo: 07/10/2026. Da rileggere su Normattiva. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, «Registrazione di un nuovo contratto Quanto si paga (regime ordinario)». letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
2% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, «Registrazione di un nuovo contratto Quanto si paga (regime ordinario)». letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
67 € · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, «Registrazione di un nuovo contratto Quanto si paga (regime ordinario)». letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
26,7% · confcommerciomilano.it — Confcommercio, Ufficio Studi, comunicato n. 176/2025 del 15/11/2025 (negozi sfitti per regione, stima ottobre 2025: FVG 26,7%, tab. 5; metodo: ipotesi di saldo netto negativo di 7.500 negozi l'anno). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
7.500 negozi · confcommerciomilano.it — Confcommercio, Ufficio Studi, comunicato n. 176/2025 del 15/11/2025 (negozi sfitti per regione, stima ottobre 2025: FVG 26,7%, tab. 5; metodo: ipotesi di saldo netto negativo di 7.500 negozi l'anno). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
6,25% · confcommerciomilano.it — Confcommercio, Ufficio Studi, comunicato n. 176/2025 del 15/11/2025 (negozi sfitti per regione, stima ottobre 2025: FVG 26,7%, tab. 5; metodo: ipotesi di saldo netto negativo di 7.500 negozi l'anno). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
75% · Normattiva — L. 27/07/1978, n. 392, artt. 8, 27, 28, 32, 34, 35, 79. (articoli aperti singolarmente: ~art8, ~art27, ~art28, ~art32, ~art34, ~art35, ~art79) letti il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3,4% · ISTAT — ISTAT, «Prezzi al consumo Agosto 2026, dati definitivi», 16/09/2026 (FOI senza tabacchi: +0,6% sul mese, +3,4% sull'anno). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
75% · ISTAT — ISTAT, «Prezzi al consumo Agosto 2026, dati definitivi», 16/09/2026 (FOI senza tabacchi: +0,6% sul mese, +3,4% sull'anno). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
2,55% · ISTAT — ISTAT, «Prezzi al consumo Agosto 2026, dati definitivi», 16/09/2026 (FOI senza tabacchi: +0,6% sul mese, +3,4% sull'anno). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
250.000 € · Normattiva — L. 27/07/1978, n. 392, artt. 8, 27, 28, 32, 34, 35, 79. (articoli aperti singolarmente: ~art8, ~art27, ~art28, ~art32, ~art34, ~art35, ~art79) letti il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
12 mesi · Normattiva — L. 27/07/1978, n. 392, artt. 8, 27, 28, 32, 34, 35, 79. (articoli aperti singolarmente: ~art8, ~art27, ~art28, ~art32, ~art34, ~art35, ~art79) letti il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
60.000 · BIZ — Guida G-12: dato o calcolo verificato sulle fonti primarie elencate in pagina · read on 7 October 2026
30.000 e 10.000 € · BIZ — Guida G-12: dato o calcolo verificato sulle fonti primarie elencate in pagina · read on 7 October 2026
1,5 e 8 anni · BIZ — Guida G-12: dato o calcolo verificato sulle fonti primarie elencate in pagina · read on 7 October 2026
4,25 anni · BIZ — Guida G-12: dato o calcolo verificato sulle fonti primarie elencate in pagina · read on 7 October 2026
250 m² · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
15 €/m² · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
10,8–20 €/m² · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
2.000–3.000 €/m² · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
600.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
54.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
9% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
24.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
5.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
22% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
21.960 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
4.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
685.060 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
14,2% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
655.160 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
9,2% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
15 € · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
45.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
6.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1,06% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3.673 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
2% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1.200 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
1.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
0,5% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3.000 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
9 mesi · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
12 anni · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
6,25% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
2.813 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
31.065 · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
7,50% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
6,57% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
6,87% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
5,18% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
4,53% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
4,74% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
31% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
12 €/m² · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
36.000 € · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
22.900 € · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3,3% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
440.000 € · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
7,4% · AdE — Agenzia delle Entrate, OMI, GEOPOI, Trieste, zona B2 Centro storico, destinazione commerciale, 2° semestre 2025 (negozi in posizione ottima: 2.000–3.000 €/m² e 10,8–20 €/m² al mese, superficie lorda). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
4,0% · C&W — Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Retail Q2 2026 (prime yield netti: Milano 3,50%, Venezia 4,50%; definizione «Net Yield = NOI / prezzo d'acquisto senza costi di trasferimento, imposte e spese legali»). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3,5% · C&W — Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Retail Q2 2026 (prime yield netti: Milano 3,50%, Venezia 4,50%; definizione «Net Yield = NOI / prezzo d'acquisto senza costi di trasferimento, imposte e spese legali»). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
4,5% · C&W — Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Retail Q2 2026 (prime yield netti: Milano 3,50%, Venezia 4,50%; definizione «Net Yield = NOI / prezzo d'acquisto senza costi di trasferimento, imposte e spese legali»). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3,75% · C&W — Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Retail Q2 2026 (prime yield netti: Milano 3,50%, Venezia 4,50%; definizione «Net Yield = NOI / prezzo d'acquisto senza costi di trasferimento, imposte e spese legali»). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
5,3% · jll.com — JLL, comunicato del 23/07/2026 sul mercato italiano del commercial real estate, H1 2026 (rendimenti netti prime). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
4,5–5,0% · C&W — Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Hospitality H1 2026 (alberghi locati 4,5–5,0%). · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
10 anni · data-api.ecb.europa.eu — BCE, serie IRS.M.IT.L.L40.CI.0000.EUR.N.Z (rendimento dei titoli di Stato italiani a 10 anni, media mensile; agosto 2026: 3,986%). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
3,99% · data-api.ecb.europa.eu — BCE, serie IRS.M.IT.L.L40.CI.0000.EUR.N.Z (rendimento dei titoli di Stato italiani a 10 anni, media mensile; agosto 2026: 3,986%). letta il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
7,4% · C&W — Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Retail Q2 2026 (prime yield netti: Milano 3,50%, Venezia 4,50%; definizione «Net Yield = NOI / prezzo d'acquisto senza costi di trasferimento, imposte e spese legali»). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
4% · C&W — Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat Italia Retail Q2 2026 (prime yield netti: Milano 3,50%, Venezia 4,50%; definizione «Net Yield = NOI / prezzo d'acquisto senza costi di trasferimento, imposte e spese legali»). letto il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source
2,55% · Normattiva — L. 27/07/1978, n. 392, artt. 8, 27, 28, 32, 34, 35, 79. (articoli aperti singolarmente: ~art8, ~art27, ~art28, ~art32, ~art34, ~art35, ~art79) letti il 07/10/2026. · read on 7 October 2026 · open the source

Revision log

7 October 2026
Adversarial check against primary sources — 35 statements checked, 11 corrected or completed; 5 left open, stated in the text. Adversarial check against primary sources: Regional Law 17/2022 (ILIA), Law 392/1978, the Income Tax Code, Presidential Decree 131/1986 on Normattiva (texts in force on 7 October 2026), the Revenue Agency, ISTAT, the ECB, the published market reports cited. The English edition carries the same facts, figures and sources as the Italian text.
8 October 2026
Version 1.0 — First English edition, written natively from the Italian guide verified on 7 October 2026: same facts, figures from the data register and the same sources; checked against the Italian text, fact by fact, by an agent.
Fingerprint of the text (SHA-256): 6a601248114f406a
8 October 2026
Version 1.1 — Voids in Trieste described as the absence of a public measure, as in the Italian text. No figure, rule or source changed.
Fingerprint of the text (SHA-256): 3806e67010add9a1

The revision log records every version with the fingerprint of its text. If the text changes, the fingerprint changes and a new entry is needed: a review holds only for the text it read.